Minerva at the Gate: Wisdom, Protection, and Identity in Imperial Ostia
Minerva in Ostia embodied a triple heritage. Her importance was made explicit at the city’s threshold: a statue of Minerva stood near the Porta Romana.

Minerva in Ostia embodied a triple heritage. Her importance was made explicit at the city’s threshold: a statue of Minerva stood near the Porta Romana.
The cult of Mithra: brought to Ostia, and later to Rome itself, largely by legionnaires returning from the eastern shores of the Mediterranean
The Pistores of Ostia: In the bustling port city of Ostia, just a few miles from Rome, the guild of the professional bakers played a crucial role in sustaining both the local population and the mighty Roman Empire itself
The Augustales of Ostia in the bustling harbor city of Ostia, the heart of Roman empire maritime trade played a central role in sustaining the spiritual life of its citizens
the Saccarii of Ostia — the hardworking men of the sack-carriers' corporation — were the unsung heroes of Rome’s survival